Rola zwierząt nieudomowionych w epidemiach XXI wieku
Życie Weterynaryjne
Streszczenie
The risk of a new epidemic zoonosis is very high as shown by the experience
with COVID‑19 and, more recently, by monkeypox spreading in Europe. The aim
of this article is to present a brief analysis of those increasing threats, within the
frame of One Health approach. As history shows, wild animals have been always
considered as a potential threat to public health. First, we went back to “Black
Death” (Plaque), pandemic of XIV century, caused by Yersinia pestis transmitted
by fleas rats, that killed one third of European population. We also recalled AIDS
pandemic, which, similarly to SARS or MERS, begun with virus transmission
from exotic animals and has spread to western countries leading to numerous
fatal cases in humans. Environmental changes, including climate alterations,
globalization, anthropopressure of wildlife habitat are nowadays considered as
the major drivers of facilitated dissemination of infectious diseases. Zoonoses
represent 75% of all human diseases. Some of the most important reservoirs
for zoonotic diseases are rodents and bats, while blood‑sucking arthropods are
important vectors of emerging diseases.
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