https://dspace.piwet.pulawy.pl/xmlui/handle/123456789/5 2026-09-02T08:16:44Z https://dspace.piwet.pulawy.pl/xmlui/handle/123456789/975 Between forest and farmland: serological evidence of exposure to Aujeszky’s disease virus, Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia spp. in wild boars in Poland; Journal of Veterinary Research Szczotka-Bochniarz, Anna; Niemczuk, Krzysztof; Osiński, Zbigniew; Ziętek-Barszcz, Anna; Mizgier-Żuczek, Karolina; Szymańska-Czerwińska, Monika This study assessed the seroprevalence of Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV), Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia spp. in wild boars in Poland. Material and Methods: A total of 1,094 serum samples were tested. Antibodies against ADV were detected by ELISA, whereas Chlamydia spp. and C. burnetii were detected using the complement fixation test (CFT). For C. burnetii, phase I and phase II antibodies were assessed by CFT to differentiate between long-term and recent exposure. Multiple correspondence analysis was performed to evaluate associations between seropositivity, geographical origin and wild boar population density. Serological data were integrated with environmental factors, including African swine fever (ASF) occurrence, population density and forest cover, and were visualised spatially. Results: Antibodies against ADV were detected in 455 samples (41.6%), those against Chlamydia spp. in 70 (6.4%) and antibodies against phase-I C. burnetii in 37 (3.4%) and phase-II in 30 (2.7%). Associations were observed between antibody presence, geographical location, wild boar density, pathogen co-occurrence and ASF-related environmental variables. Conclusion: Wild boars in Poland show serological evidence of exposure to ADV, Chlamydia spp. and C. burnetii, supporting their role as sentinels at the wildlife–livestock interface. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.piwet.pulawy.pl/xmlui/handle/123456789/974 Impact of copper deficiency in cows on immune system function in offspring: a study using lymphocyte immunophenotyping Abramowicz, Beata; Kurek, Łukasz; Lisiecka, Urszula; Żarczyńska, Katarzyna; Szczotka-Bochniarz, Anna Copper (Cu) deficiency is a common, often subclinical problem in dairy cattle herds that can adversely affect haematopoietic processes and immune function. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hypocupraemia in cows on selected haematological parameters and identify the immunophenotype of calf lymphocytes. Material and Methods: The study included Holstein–Friesian cows and their calves aged two to six weeks, which were divided into two groups: a hypocupraemic group (17 cows and 17 calves) and a normocupraemic group (18 cows and 18 calves). Haematological and biochemical analyses were performed, and lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD21⁺ and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II⁺ were determined by flow cytometry. Results: Cows with hypocupraemia exhibited reduced HGB and HCT values. Calves born to cows with Cu deficiency showed decreased erythrocyte indices, a reduced CD4⁺ : CD8⁺ ratio and a lower percentage of CD21⁺ B lymphocytes and MHC class II⁺ lymphocytes, indicating impaired immune function. In these calves, the CD4⁺ : CD8⁺ ratio was significantly lower compared to healthy cows and calves, suggesting an imbalance in T-lymphocyte subpopulations. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that even moderate copper deficiency in pregnant cows may negatively influence the haematological and immunological status of their offspring. These findings underline the necessity of systematic monitoring of copper status in dairy herds in order to prevent subclinical deficiencies and their long-term consequences for calf health and immunity. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.piwet.pulawy.pl/xmlui/handle/123456789/973 Development and validation of a new SYBR green-based qPCR assay for the broad detection of Novirhabdovirus salmonid (IHNV) genotypes Ko, Sungjae; Song, Eunsu; Stachnik, Magdalena; Collet, Bertrand; Gorgoglione, Bartolomeo; Lee, Po-Tsang; Yanez, Alejandro J.; Jeong, Joon Bum; Kim, Kwangil; Kim, Youngchul; Rigaudeau, Dimitri; Kwon, Mun Gyeong; Kim, Jae-Ok; Kim, Min Jae; Jeong, Ji-Min; Hong, Suhee Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) is a WOAH-notifiable pathogen causing severe economic losses in global salmonid aquaculture. While the WOAH-recommended TaqMan assay is the current standard, its diagnostic efficacy is frequently compromised by high execution costs and reduced sensitivity toward specific genotypes, particularly the JS lineage, due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the probe-binding region. To address these limitations, this study developed a novel SYBR Green-based qPCR assay targeting the highly conserved nucleoprotein (N) gene. Meticulous thermodynamics of a new primer set was optimized by balancing GC content, melting temperature (Tm), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG)—to ensure broad genotype in- clusivity (U, M, E, JN, and JS) while eliminating non-specific amplifications and primer-dimers. The assay demonstrated superior analytical performance, particularly for the JS genotype, yielding a significantly lower Cq value (16.69) compared to the WOAH assay (20.30), which suffered from probe-mismatch issues. The estimated LoD95% was 16.92 copies/reaction, with 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in experimentally infected samples. Validation using 123 field samples from Republic of Korea and Poland revealed that the new assay identified eight IHNV-positive domestic samples initially missed by the WOAH-recommended method, all of which were subsequently confirmed via sequencing. With a coefficient of variation (CV) consistently below 5% and proven inter-laboratory reproducibility across seven facilities, this assay provides a robust, highly sensitive, and cost-effective alternative to probe-based methodologies. It is suited for large-scale surveillance and routine diagnostics, especially in resource-limited settings where detecting diverse viral mutations is critical. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.piwet.pulawy.pl/xmlui/handle/123456789/972 Ecology driven patterns of herpesvirus spread in cervids in Poland Soch, Wojciech; Jabłoński, Artur; Krzysiak, Michał K.; Kubiś, Piotr; Russell, George; Larska, Magdalena Cervids are considered as a potential hosts for various human and animal pathogens but studies on herpesvirus infections among these species remain limited. We have used a panherpesvirus PCR to investigate herpesvirus diversity and prevalence and a BoHV-4-specific ELISA to assess exposure to BoHV-4. Among 1257 cervids tested for the herpesvirus DNA, 389 (30.9%) were positive. The prevalence was highest among fallow deer (63.9%), followed by red deer (29.8%) and roe deer (19.4%); among captive animals (42.1%) and in forest districts with low (31.2%) or medium (32.9%) forest coverage. No positive cases were found in moose. BoHV-4 specific antibodies were found in 107 out of 1179 (9.1%) tested cervids. Seroprevalence was highest among roe deer (18.7%) and in regions with the highest forest coverage (13.9%). Two gammaherpesvirus species: Fallow deer lymphotropic herpesvirus, Elk gammaherpesvirus 1; and one betaherpesvirus – Capreolus herpesvirus 1 were for the first time identified in Polish deer. Although, none of these viruses is currently considered pathogenic for cervids, the study revealed distinct ecological patterns of herpesvirus circulation among cervid species. These findings expand current knowledge of herpesvirus diversity in Polish cervids and demonstrate the value of herpesvirus surveillance for understanding pathogen transmission and wildlife–livestock interactions. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z