artykuły z czasopism https://dspace.piwet.pulawy.pl/xmlui/handle/123456789/6 2026-09-08T13:46:30Z 2026-09-08T13:46:30Z Sajewicz-Krukowska, Joanna Rożek, Wojciech Malinowska, Agata Domańska-Blicharz, Katarzyna https://dspace.piwet.pulawy.pl/xmlui/handle/123456789/981 2026-09-07T12:04:53Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Proteomic remodeling of the chicken spleen during astrovirus infection reveals coordinated interferon activation and stromal restructuring Sajewicz-Krukowska, Joanna; Rożek, Wojciech; Malinowska, Agata; Domańska-Blicharz, Katarzyna Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) is associated with white chick syndrome (WCS), characterized by reduced hatchability, hypopigmentation, developmental delay, and increased early mortality. Although transcriptomic studies have provided insight into host responses to CAstV infection, protein-level mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we performed label-free quantitative proteomic profiling of spleens from CAstV-infected SPF White Leghorn chickens to characterize systemic host responses. Spleens collected at 4 days post-infection were analyzed by nanoLC–MS/MS. Among 1,118 quantified proteins, 34 showed significant differential abundance (q ≤ 0.05). Proteins with increased abundance formed a type I interferon–associated antiviral module, including IFI27L1 (ISG12), OASL, STAT1, MOV10, and IFITM1, consistent with innate antiviral activation. Proteins with reduced abundance were enriched for extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal regulators, including decorin, lumican, mimecan, and actin-associated proteins, suggesting remodeling of the splenic stromal microenvironment. Integration with previously generated RNA-seq data demonstrated concordant transcript–protein induction of interferon-stimulated genes alongside discordant regulation of extracellular matrix, cytoskeletal, and metabolic proteins, suggesting the involvement of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Together, these findings reveal coordinated antiviral, stromal, and metabolic responses in the spleen during CAstV infection and provide a proteomic framework for understanding systemic host responses associated with white chick syndrome.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Kukier, Elżbieta Bocian, Łukasz Pytka, Monika https://dspace.piwet.pulawy.pl/xmlui/handle/123456789/980 2026-09-07T11:52:28Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Microbiological Status of Grass Silages in Relation to Agricultural Practices: A Four-Year Study Kukier, Elżbieta; Bocian, Łukasz; Pytka, Monika The microbiological quality of silage, a fundamental component of cattle feed, is critical to both animal health and human safety. This long-term study evaluated the microbiological status of grass silages collected from Polish cattle farms, aiming to assess the prevalence of zoonotic agents and hygiene indicators in relation to pre-ensiling and ensiling agricultural practices. A total of 160 grass silage samples were randomly collected nationwide by veterinary officers across various municipalities. The researchers measured pH values and conducted analyses to determine the presence and loads of pathogens, including Listeria spp., Clostridium spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus. Only 17.5% of grass silages fell within the optimal target pH range. Conversely, 80.6% exceeded the upper reference threshold, indicating widespread poor fermentation and low silage quality. Listeria species were detected in 5.6% of the forages, occurring exclusively in silages with an incorrect pH. Clostridium spp. were highly prevalent, testing positive in 82.5% of all samples, while C. perfringens (predominantly toxotype A) was identified in 26.2%. Both Salmonella spp. and botulinum neurotoxin-producing Clostridia were detected in separate, single samples, both characterized by high pH levels. Additionally, fungal counts reached high, non-feedable levels exceeding 6 log10 cfu/g in 10.6% of the tested silages. Silage inoculation, practiced by 26.2% of farmers, significantly lowered pH values and reduced the counts of spoilage microorganisms. Additionally, inoculated silages had a more than three-fold greater likelihood of achieving the correct pH. In contrast, organic fertilization was associated with an increase in the mean counts of Clostridium spp. and B. cereus. In conclusion, grass silage is highly vulnerable to poor fermentation and microbial contamination.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Kukier, Elżbieta Bocian, Łukasz Pytka, Monika https://dspace.piwet.pulawy.pl/xmlui/handle/123456789/979 2026-09-07T11:31:28Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Microbiological Quality of Maize Silage in Relation to Agricultural Practices: A Four-Year Study Kukier, Elżbieta; Bocian, Łukasz; Pytka, Monika Silage is a fundamental component of cattle feed, and its microbiological quality is critical for animal health and human safety. Improper ensiling conditions, such as oxygen exposure or inadequate acidification, can promote the growth of pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, and Bacillus cereus. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial status of maize silages and identify pre-ensiling factors influencing its hygienic safety. Over a four-year period, 406 silage samples were collected from cattle farms across Poland. The research evaluated general hygiene indicators and screened for specific pathogens using standard culture methods, polymerase chain reaction toxotyping, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The impact of agricultural practices, including soil quality, organic fertilization, and microbial inoculation, was also analyzed. The analysis revealed that 32.1% of silages fell outside the reference pH range, indicating potential aerobic instability. While Salmonella and Campylobacter were not detected, Clostridium spp. were highly prevalent (81.0%), and C. perfringens was confirmed in 24.9% of samples. Listeria species occurred in 2.9% of silages, with L. innocua being the most frequent isolate. Statistical analysis showed that organic fertilization was significantly linked to specific C. perfringens toxotypes, though it did not increase the overall microbial burden. Conversely, microbial inoculation generally reduced the counts of several undesirable bacteria, although these differences were not statistically significant across all parameters. High pH values and significant contamination with Clostridium, B. cereus, and fungi remain critical challenges for silage safety. The results underscore the necessity for improved agricultural practices—specifically the minimization of soil and manure contamination during harvest—and the broader adoption of microbial inoculation to ensure the microbiological stability of fermented forage.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Kukier, Elżbieta Bocian, Łukasz Pytka, Monika Śliżewska, Katarzyna https://dspace.piwet.pulawy.pl/xmlui/handle/123456789/978 2026-09-07T11:34:29Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Effect of Synbiotics on Hygienic Quality of Feed and Pork Kukier, Elżbieta; Bocian, Łukasz; Pytka, Monika; Śliżewska, Katarzyna The study aimed to determine the effect of newly developed multi-strain synbiotics on the hygienic quality of feed for pigs and pork edible raw materials originating from animals supplemented with synbiotics. The trial was conducted on 54 feed samples and 54 pigs. Animals were divided into six groups corresponding to three synbiotic preparations (A, B, C), two positive controls with probiotics (D, E), and a negative control (K) with no feed additive. The supplementation of the sow’s basal diet with the feed additive started 10 days before farrowing and continued for 38 days, covering the lactation period. The diet of piglets from groups A–E was supplemented with the feed additive starting from two weeks of age until slaughter at 24 weeks of age. Feed and animal raw materials were tested for the presence of Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., L. monocytogenes, Clostridium spp., C. perfringens, C. botulinum, and the count of AMB, TPC, fungi, ASFB, C. perfringens, Enter- obacteriaceae family, E. coli, presumptive B. cereus, CoPS, HS, LAB, yeast probiotic strains, and Enterococcus spp. Statistically significant differences were found between individual groups in the count of C. perfringens, AMB, TPC, Enterococcus spp., and LAB in all feeds tested. Moreover, synbiotics A, B, and C lowered the count of AMB, TPC, and LAB, and synbiotics A and C decreased Enterobacteriaceae family contamination in both total raw materials as well as raw materials of fatteners. The higher effectiveness of synbiotics was associated with a higher number of probiotic strains in one preparation. Our study found that dietary supplementation of synbiotics alters the occurrence of C. perfringens in feed and enhances the hygienic quality of edible pork raw materials.

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