Repozytorium wiedzy PIWet - PIB

The differences in levels of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the hair of wild terrestrial mammals with various feeding behaviour

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

The differences in levels of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the hair of wild terrestrial mammals with various feeding behaviour Gonkowski, Sławomir; Menozzi, Alice; Petrini, Antonio; Cocco, Antonio; Chiara, Maria; Maria Chiara, Cantelmi; Mikołajczyk, Szczepan; Makowska, Krystyna; Merola, Carmine Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent environmental pollutants found across various ecosystems. While human and domestic animal exposure to PFASs is well documented, data on wild terrestrial mammals remain scarce, particularly using hair sample analysis. This study aimed to assess the levels of selected 12 PFASs in the hair of different wild mammal species with varying feeding behaviours, using liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The mean concentrations (± SD) were observed for PFNA (0.309 ± 0.33 ng/g), PFOA (0.272 ± 0.52 ng/g),L-PFOS (0.154 ± 0.3 ng/g), PFBS (0.013 ± 0.04 ng/g), PFHxA (0.067 ± 0.06 ng/g), PFHpA (0.064 ± 0.1 ng/g), PFUnDA (0.088 ± 0.13 ng/g) and PFDoDA (0.083 ± 0.15 ng/g) while mean concentrations of PFHxS, B-PFOS, PFPeS and PFHpS were lower than limits of quantification (LOQ). The results also indicated that PFAS concentrations were generally higher in predatory species compared to herbivores (p < 0,05), likely due to biomagnification processes in food chains. This study supports the applicability of hair analysis as a non-invasive method for monitoring PFAS exposure in wild terrestrial mammals.

Performance and health status of preweaning dairy calves fed milk replacer supplemented with increasing doses of ethyl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids of linseed oil

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Performance and health status of preweaning dairy calves fed milk replacer supplemented with increasing doses of ethyl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids of linseed oil Baba, M. K.; Flaga, J.; Dziadek, K.; Dudek, K.; Szacawa, E.; Przybyło, M.; Kowalski, Z. M. This study aimed to determine the effect of supplementing milk replacer (MR) with increasing doses of a mixture of ethyl esters of polyunsaturated fatty acid of linseed oil (EEPUFALO; α-linolenic acid 55.5%, linoleic acid 13.3%, and oleic acid 18.0%) on growth performance, health, immune status, and oxidative stress parameters of preweaning dairy calves. A total of 54 Holstein–Friesian calves (5 d of age, 39.8 ± 0.69 kg, both males and females) were divided into 3 groups, each consisting of 18 animals: a control group and 2 treatment groups (D1 and D2), receiving 0, 15, and 30 mL/d of EEPUFALO incorporated into the MR, respectively. Each calf remained in the experiment from 5 to 56 d of age and had free access to starter mixture. Feed intake and fecal fluidity were monitored daily, body weight and body morphometric measurements were recorded weekly, and blood samples for hematological, immune status and oxidative stress parameters were collected on 14, 28, 42, and 56 d of age. Supplementation with increasing doses of EEPUFALO quadratically increased average daily MR and total DMI, with the highest in D2. Supplementation with EEPUFALO increased final BW and total BW gain in a quadratic manner, with the highest performance in group D2. Average daily gain and feed efficiency also followed a quadratic response, with the highest values in group D2. Supplementation with EEPUFALO had limited effects on hematological parameters, though it significantly reduced neutrophil percentage and increased lymphocyte concentration, particularly in the D2 group. We further found that EEPUFALO tended to lower serum haptoglobin levels and significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations, with linear response indicating the most pronounced effects in group D2. Although total oxidant status showed a numerical decrease, total antioxidant status increased significantly, especially in group D2, contributing to a tendency for reduced oxidative stress index. No significant changes were observed in serum superoxide dismutase activity and plasma malondialdehyde concentration. Supplementation with EEPUFALO improved calf health, as indicated by fewer days of veterinary care. In conclusion, supplementation of MR with EEPUFALO at a dose of 30 mL/d improved calf performance, potentially due to its beneficial effects on immune function and the reduction of oxidative stress.

Length-weight relationship and condition factor of sea trout from the Słupia River (Poland), during the spawning migration

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Length-weight relationship and condition factor of sea trout from the Słupia River (Poland), during the spawning migration Błądek, Tomasz; Matras, Marek; Posyniak, Andrzej; Reichert, Michał Ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) has been observed in sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) entering the S³upia River to spawn. During this time, various biotic and abiotic factors can disrupt homeostatic balance, leading to severe pathological changes, including those on the skin surface. The aim of the study was to determine whether the symptoms of ulcerative dermal necrosis affect the growth and condition of sea trout migrating to spawning areas in the S³upia River. Between 2021 and 2024, 63 fish ascending the fish ladder in the S³upia River were tested. The length-weight relationship (LWR) and Fulton’s condition factor (Kc) were estimated. A comparison of the slopes and intercepts of the LWR regressions for both healthy and diseased males and females indicated no statistically significant differences among the groups examined. Consequently, this suggests that UDN infection does not have a relevant impact on linear regression. Additionally, a comparison of Kc values between the studied groups did not reveal a statistically significant effect of UDN in sea trout. The current study provides basic biometric data on spawning stocks of sea trout in the S³upia River, where UDN is observed, thereby expanding knowledge on this subject

Paramyxoviruses in Bats in Poland—The First Detection

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Paramyxoviruses in Bats in Poland—The First Detection Orłowska, Anna; Stasiak, Karol; Rola, Jerzy; Smreczak, Marcin Bats are hosts to many diseases that emerge in humans and livestock. Knowledge about the diversity and circulation of paramyxoviruses in European bat populations, despite their recognized importance, remains limited. Here, we present data on the first detection of paramyxoviruses in Poland in the new bat species of Cnephaeus serotinus and Cnephaeus nilsonii, which have never been previously recognized as paramyxovirus hosts, as well as in Myotis daubentonii and two unknown bat species. Viral RNA was detected in fecal and intestinal samples using the semi-nested RT-PCR protocol followed by Sanger sequenc- ing. A widespread comprehensive phylogenetic study supported by haplotype network analyses of 376 nt sequences of paramyxoviruses detected in bats worldwide revealed that paramyxoviruses are closely related to the host and strongly correlate to the area of origin.